The Russian Tsars Control of the Kazakh Steppe Essay -- Russian Empir

To what extent and in what ways did Russian Tsars find the Kazakh steppe between 1820 and 1890? During political Kazakh khans of three Hordes gave oaths and signed papers of their inclusion to Russian Empire. Although the documents were signed, both sides did not obey them . Empire had not got any actual political power in the beginning of 19th century in Kazakh steppe, and numerous anti-Russian rebellions abide this claim. The document of Ustav o Sibirskih Kirgizah, 1822 made it possible to gain control of the steppe by creating a system with new approach of divide and rule. New form _or_ system of government included creating elite with developed morals and literacy relying on the nobel families, so called Chinggisids, and land new administration policy. Rebellions, presence of national identity, resistance to settlement of nomads caused difficulties in establishing control in the steppe. However, even though there was some kind of oppositon from nomads, the policy was very suc cessful. Russian empire was in control of the Kazakh steppe after mid- ordinal century when steppe formally was divided into separate entities.The Plan of Reorganization (1809) of Tsarist Russia did not take into account differences of central and peripheral parts. Imperial legislative law applied with restrictions and exceptions depending on regions, but general principle was decentralization of the Tsarist Russia by dividing it into several parts and concentration of the administrative units by integrating central and regional agencies. Speranskiis Ustav o Sibirskih Kirgizah, 1822 reform assigned administrative units and positions to create a new bureaucracy . When the position of khan was removed the unity of the nomadic tribes was destabilized. Thus... .... 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2003), pp. 5-33 Levi, S. (1999). India, Russia and the Eighteenth-Century switch of the Central Asian Caravan Trade. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 42, No. 4 (1999), pp. 519 -548Malikov, Y. (2005). The Kenesary Kasymov Rebellion (18371847) A National-Liberation Movement or a refuse of Restoration? Nationalities Papers, Vol. 33, No. 4Manz, B. F. (1987). Central Asian Uprisings in the Nineteenth Century Ferghana under the Russians. The Russian Review, vol. 46, 1987, pp. 267-281Martin, V. (2010). Kazakh Chinggisids, land and political power in the nineteenth century a case study of Syrymbet. Central Asian Survey, 291, 79-102Sbornik dokumentov. (1996). Natsionalno-osvoboditelnaia borba Kazakhskogo naroda pod predvoditelstvom Kenesary Kasymova (Sbornk dokumentov). Almaty, 1996, p. 39, 121-122