Power in International Relations - 2084 Words

The conception is power in International Relations is a key to a better understanding of the discipline. In many cases the definition of power affects the way in which many issues are tackled in foreign policy or security. There are many theories that try to deal with the conception of power, however they make a rather large number of assumptions that might make them difficult to applicable in real life. Furthermore many of them does not take into consideration that power evolves, therefore if we want to understand and conceptualize power in the international sphere it is crucial to analyze different theories and conceptions of it.This essay will argue that power is a broad term that can best be conceptualized and explained in IR by a multiplicity of theories. In making this argument, this essay will first explain why power power is crucial in the study of International Relations. Then two theories of power from the realist tradition , one of the neoliberalist tradition, one of postm odernism and a critical theory of realism will be outlined. This theories of power will be explained and compared in order to create a complete conceptualization of the term power than can be applied to the twentieth first century The realist view of International Relations explains that power is crucial for International Relations because every state is in the pursuit of it. Furthermore the words power and powerful are used very often in the international spectrum, however a definition of itShow MoreRelatedInternational Relations : The Distribution Of Power, Development, And Dependency Within States1070 Words   |  5 PagesInternational relations are completely based off of anarchy and states making interactions between each other. Marxism helps explain a state’s ideals for why they make interactions and for what reasons. It is a theory that states how the world is being ran off of actors wanting total control over the distribution of goods and means of production in a free market defined by the want for profit. These ideals bring out what drives the interactions between states internationally; which in turn helpsRead MoreWhat Is Power And What Forms Can It Shape? International Relations? Essay1672 W ords   |  7 PagesThroughout, political history, power has played a distinguished part in the causes and understanding of how and why state actors fight, cooperate and live with one another. Moreover, power in international society has never been disturbed equally. Therefore, what is power and what forms can it shape to affect international relations? The three political theories of realism, marxism and social constructivism define power in association with the taxonomy principles of concepts. Therefore, it is theRead MoreInformation Is A Source Of Power In International Relations.967 Words   |  4 PagesInformation is a source of power in international relations. Technology is the capability by which states store information. More so now than ever, countries heavily rely on information technology and data storage in order to facilitate the basic functioning of a state. However, when any state places enough importance on a resource of power, that resource becomes a target. An a ttack on informational structures of a state are cyber-attacks or â€Å"the use of computational technologies in cyberspace forRead MoreThe Five International Relations Theories, Realism, Liberalism, And Feminism1241 Words   |  5 PagesThree of the five international relations theories, Realism, Liberalism, and Feminism have very interesting and different positions pertaining to global politics and issues. These theories, although quite different, effect the past present and future of global politics. Realists tend to believe the worst in humanity, that they are inherently selfish, and expect the worst. They are always prepared for war, and will go on the offensive if it means gaining more power and respect. Liberals do not thinkRead MorePower As A General Political Science827 Words   |  4 PagesPower in politics is a central concept, yet a contested one for a multitude of reasons. Chief among them is its contested nature and disagreement among political scientists over the c oncept itself as well as its operationalization. I refrain from further exploring the literature on power as a general political science concept and focus on its aspects related to negotiation. From an international relations perspective, realists for example, emphasize on the materialistic aspect of power; militaryRead MoreBreaking Open Japan, by George Feifer1258 Words   |  6 PagesJapan: Commodore Perry, Lord Abe, and American Imperialism in 1853. New York: Smithsonian Books/Collins, 2006. pp. xx, 389 p.: ill., maps; 24 cm. ISBN: 0060884320 (hardcover: alk. paper). Format: Book. Subjects: Japan Foreign relations United States /United States Foreign relations Japan. 2. A statement regarding the author: George Feifer is a native of Roxbury, Connecticut. He has written for a wide array of publications. He is a â€Å"well-known† and veteran author with many successful books. SomeRead MoreInformation Technology And The World Wide Web Creating New Bases For Power And Domination897 Words   |  4 Pages1. Are information technology and the World Wide Web creating new bases for power and domination? There are various levels of domination that are associated with technology. For instance, employers can use this to create businesses opportunities that span the world. Jobs can be outsourced allowing for one nation to profit without paying or supplying their workers with fair wages or safe work environment according to their federal guidelines. They can profit off cheap labor and unethical standardsRead MoreRealism And The Theory Of Realism1939 Words   |  8 Pagesspecifically, the international system, realists focus their ideas about how international relations work based upon the concepts of power and security.† (Realism in International Relations, 2017) The University of Stanford gives an overall idea that â€Å"Realists consider the principal actors in the international arena to be states, which are concerned with their own security, act in pursuit of their own national interests, and struggle for power.† (Political Realism in International Relations (StanfordRea d MoreA Practical Example Of The Indochina War Essay1798 Words   |  8 Pagesdepending upon the stability of the means or ends, it may change if new means become available or if different ends appear to be preferable. Strategist understanding of the tangible and intangible factors and instruments of national power in addition to the interplay relation and weighing them collectively is a key to formulate and execute strategy. In this paper, I will explain these factors, how they are interconnected and how strategists should weigh them in formulating and executing strategy alongRead MoreWhat Caused The 1992-1996 Afghan Civil War : Will History Repeat Itself?3614 Words   |  15 Pageswhy conflict occurs, it fails to prevent the march toward war. This paper explores Kenneth Waltz’s three levels, or â€Å"images’ of conflict. Waltz, the founder of neorealism, established the foundation for one of the two currently accepted international relations schools, the other Neoliberalism. This essay compares Waltz’s theory to other contemporary thinkers, then applies it to the 1992-1996 Afghan Civil War. The paper concludes by noticing the similarities events during the civil wars period

What Makes A Excellent Mental Health Nurse - 1564 Words

For the purpose of this assignment, these students have chosen the article, â€Å"What makes a excellent mental health nurse? A pragmatic inquiry initiated and conducted by people with lived experience of service use† (2013). For this written critique we have decided to use Polit and Beck’s (2010), ‘Guide to an overall critique of a qualitative research report’ that was presented within the resource, ‘Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice’. This guide was chosen due to our familiarities with this tool, as well as the methodical, linear nature and ease of use. This tool is supported by Boswell and Cannon (n.d), when they show support for Polit and Beck’s (2013) statements, that nurses who engage in critical nursing research reviews make valuable contributions to the improvement of nursing knowledge. In addition, we also choose to utilize Polit and Beck’s framework due to their reputation and signi ficant contributions within the area of nursing research. Therefore, it is believed that this is a suitable tool to use for this assignment when critiquing the title, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion and global issues of the selected article. Title It is our belief that the title of the article, â€Å"what makes an excellent mental health nurse? A pragmatic inquiry initiated and conducted by people with lived experience of service use?† adequately describes the phenomenon and those under investigation. According to Polit and Beck sufficientShow MoreRelatedHistory, Mission And Philosophy Of The Organization1052 Words   |  5 PagesMission and Philosophy of the Organization or Board of Directors: Founded in 1986, the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, set its goals to advance the science and education of psychiatric or mental health nursing. It was also established to unify this specialty. Currently there are 40 states or local chapters. This organization promotes the health, wellness and recovery of mental illnesses. Their reason for being developed is the expressed in seven core values of empowerment, inclusivityRead MoreProfessional Practice Paper Example1026 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Practice Paper The advance practice nurse that I chose to interview is Ms. Tonya King BA, MSW, MHA, and MSN-FNP. Tonya is employed with Kindred Hospice University/ Mental Health Facility. The University Behavioral Center (UCB) has been around since 1989, providing high-quality mental health and substance abuse treatment. The behavioral center provides many program options for children, adolescents, and adults. The main goal of this organization is to enable individuals to enableRead MoreEssay about A Career in Mental Health Nursing1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is it that makes choosing a career so difficult? Is it the fact that many people mainly choose a career they live off for the rest of their lives? Or is it just that they are scared of the difficulties and obstacles that will come through their path? Many students choose the usual careers: nursing, doctors, mechanics, or just working at a gas station. It all depends on where and if the student decides to go to college and what degree t hey are looking forward to earning. Becoming a mental healthRead MoreThe Psychology Of Mental Illness1177 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to mental illness, I have the point of view of someone who is training to be a health care professional. During my past clinical experience as a nursing student at the Alberta Hospital Edmonton, I was immersed in an environment filled with individuals who were acutely mentally ill, and two of these individuals were my patients. While â€Å"The Sociology of Mental Illness† is an excellent source of information about mental illness in the context of sociology, based on my experience at AlbertaRead MoreMy Own Engagement Of Professional Relationships And Establish Key Skills That Underpin Lifelong Learning1453 Words   |  6 Pagesunderpin lifelong learning. I will also be looking into how to perform evidence-based practice and reflect on my capabilities and weaknesses identified in my SWOT analysis (see appendix 1) and personal development plan (see appendix 2). As a student nurse, I ascertain that the main principle in nursing is the care of my patients, to treat them as individuals and respect their dignity. I feel that it is fundamental to provide a high standard of practice and care at all times. To be open, honest and toRead MoreMy Life After A Medical Surgical Examination778 Words   |  4 Pagesthe office to address what had occurred. That was the beginning of my emotional healing as I was strongly encouraged to begin counseling and medication management. Seeking psychological help for my mental breakdown allowed me to overcome the biggest challenge I had to prevail over in my life by obtaining by diploma as a Registered Nurse. This significance assumed a depth of meaning to me as over the course of the subsequent dozen years that I have served as a Registered Nurse having the opportunityRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped interest in nursing the main reason is the superior nursing care to my family member offered by the US hospitals. My personal philosophy is universal provision of health-care despite one’s background. As a nurse, one is responsible to offer professional services in any environment. I defined person, environment, health and nursing. My four personal philosophy concepts include competence, accountability, compassion and caring. Nursing philosophy is important because of practice, educationRead MoreStudy And Career Preparation Of Emergency Nursing Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pages Faculty of Health Assignment Cover Sheet Please complete this sheet and attach to your assignment, ensuring that you print clearly. Student ID: 21600401 Student Name: Samantha Cameron Programme Name: Foundation Health Science Paper Name: Study and Career Preparation Assignment Name: â€Å"Becoming a†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..† Tutor Name: Tiffany Stenger Date Submitted: 10/04/2016 By submitting this assignment I certify thatRead MoreIn Universities Nure Are Taught To Provide Safe Quality1584 Words   |  7 Pagesnursing care to their patients. While providing safe care nurses are also taught to show professionalism and be an advocate for their patients. To be an advocate for their patients and family nurses may take on the role of Nurse Healer. Nurse Healer is defined as a nurse who assist the patients to stay in a state of homeostasis i.e. human body in a state of physical and psychological balance. Dossey and others have observed that â€Å"nurses as healers† use their own energies and interpersonal caringRead MoreTraditional Chinese Medicine ( Tcm )1004 Words   |  5 PagesWe all hear the word caring but what does caring really means? What does caring mean to you? How can care help heal the sick? These are many questions we can ask ourselves and the answers can be different for every person. To the world caring is probably the first description that comes to mind when describing a nurse. Yourdictionary.com describes caring as, â€Å"being someone or something that shows kindness and concern for others† (Yourdictionary.com, 2015). Nurses take care of patients and caring

Oniomania free essay sample

Shopping Aficionado Gone Wrong There are copious amounts of detrimental factors such as perfectionism, the need to fill an inner void, and the impulsive pressure to seek excitement that lead up to one of the most common disorders, oniomania. The word onios means for sale in Greek, while mania means insanity. Oniomania is the psychiatric term for shopaholism. Other words for this term include compulsive shopping or buying and shopping addiction. Most causes for compulsive shopping are psychological damages and should be treated immediately. Avoiding the issue can cause difficulties with finances and relationships. Shopping addicts sometimes have a hard time to stop spending. There are many penalties for compulsive buying, which usually continue long after a binge. Compusive buying can be devastating to relationships, marriages, Jobs, family, and friends. Other problems can incorporate crumbling credit history, robbery, bankruptcy, and much more. These negative effects usually worsen a person oniomania due to the fact that they are already struggling from emotional issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Oniomania or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the most common reasons for why people suffer from shopaholism is perfectionism. Perfectionism is the belief of trying to achieve the best. Even though this might not sound destructive, there are always unhealthy forms of perfectionism. Some people struggle with insecurities, which triggers them to shop and try to be that so called perfect image that they see in their mind. These types of people also have the desire to be approved by society. Others who struggle with this issue usually have overly high expectations of themselves, which can sometimes lead to anxiety. For example, if a Vanessas friend has shoes that are over $200, Vanessa may feel the need to buy something for the same amount or more so she doesnt feel like a disappointment. For example, if a Vanessas friend has shoes that are over $200, Vanessa may feel the need to buy something for the same amount or more so she doesnt feel like a disappointment. Characteristics of unhealthy perfectionism include frequently setting goals and not accomplishing them, regularly competing to be the best in order to not feel like a letdown, having a mindset of believing that making mistakes can be calamitous, and thinking that there arent enough strategies to be successful. These types of thoughts and actions can lead up to compulsive buying. Shopping addicts also struggle with the feeling of emptiness. Having an inner void is nother reason people turn to compulsive buying. Death, corrupt relationships, and awful childhoods can cause one to feel incomplete. When Michael was younger, his parents never bought him anything. They were extremely malicious and uncaring. Therefore this affected Michael as and adult and instigated his shopping addiction. The fact that Michael wasnt loved and treated with compassion in his younger days, prompted him to find happiness through spending abundant amounts of money on things he doesnt even need. The addict obtains to make purchases to help them cope with life, and strong anxiety is felt in the deficiency of their addictive ctivity. Death has the same effect on people as well. Losing someone to death is like losing something you have had for years. Once you lose someone, its hard to replace tnem ana takes wee Ks turnlng to montns ana proDaDly even years to get over. Havlng a hole in your heart is a psychological issue and materialistic things wont improve this situation. Everyone wants excitement in life, often some cant even handle a single minute of negative feelings. All humans endure negative vibes at some point in their life. But compulsive buyers can stand it. If a shopping addict is suffering from nxiety, boredom, stress, or if theyre miserable, they usually find an opportunity to make purchases. Shopping fanatics can undergo a high or euphoric feeling from neurological chemicals when they buy things. The momentary spike in dopamine and other neurotransmitters trigger the brain to view shopping as a satisfying experience and emphasizes recurrence of this hobby. Compulsive buyers often forget that the joy they are feeling is only temporary and negative vibes always come back. These people do not understand the fact that life can have flaws as well. Not everything has to be delightful and faultless. Everyone has to experience both good and bad things in life. There are always different ways to exert the negative energy out of you besides spending money. Individuals can always try to find another hobby. One can also have a trusted friend who will watch over what is bought and when purchases are made so people dont over spend or buy unnecessary things out of impulse. Jennifer loves a fast life with nothing but good vibes. She despises the feeling of negativity around her or feeling bored. Jennifers first choice was to go out and splurge her savings, which isnt healthy at all. She should take a friend with her Just n case to watch over what she is spending. If Jennifer happens to spend all her money, she would be at risk of creating more problems such as bankruptcy, relationship problem and much more. Several thing need to be taken into consideration when it comes to compulsive buying. Societal circumstances also have an imperative role in oniomania, the rise of purchaser urbanity contributes to the view of compulsive purchasing as a particularly modern addiction. Easily obtainable credit cards allow spontaneous spending outside someones incomes, and some would imply that the obsessive consumer should get rid of credit cards all together. Online spending also enables oniomania, with online auction addiction, used to escape feelings of depression or guilt, becoming an identifiable setback. In conclusion, there are much more causes of an addiction to shopping than one could imagine. Compulsive shopping is usually caused by psychological problems. Shopping addicts undergo issues such as the pressure to be perfect, the need to fill an inner void, and the lack of excitement. All three of these aspects result in oniomania. People who suffer form oniomania should never lose hope. There are always different strategies that someone can try to avoid temptations. It is always ital to speak to a professional about these problems to be treated.

Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost

It is certainly evident that life and experience occurs, and eliminates or changes the quality of human innocence. Of course, this is perfectly normal. However, frequently those undergoing such a process, can often feel suffering, loss, and perhaps confusion. This is definitely a part of human evolution. Within our text, the reading of the three pieces by Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost, all serve to illustrate this phenomenon.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Araby† is a coming of age tale of a young Irish Catholic boy, living in early twentieth century Dublin. Clearly, at the start of the story, the young man is an idealist. Author James Joyce describes his protagonist whose disappointments prompt him to unexpected reaction. â€Å"My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my hear t seemed to pour itself out into my bosom.† (Joyce) As the story is narrated by the boy now grown, the loss of innocence through remembered experience is doubly poignant and ironic. Looking back, the narrator speaks of himself as growing up in one of the worst parts of a then very blighted city. Tantamount here also is the boy’s feeling that his religion is empty, ritualistic, with no real and true care for his Maker and the rest of humanity. However, when the boy next falls in love with the sister of a friend, â€Å"Mangan†, he briefly experiences a form of renewal. Nevertheless, he is doomed to be disappointed as his view of love is one based on piety and unrealistic romance. He does not get the girl. He mourns thus, â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derived by vanity, (Joyce ) Finally, the last vestiges of his innocence are purged through his actual experience of visiting the Arabian bazaar and realizing that it is very d ifferent from what he’d formerly perceived. Dark, sinister, seductive, and highly commercialized, Araby epitomizes for the narrator, the real and experienced state of the world. Next, in Jamaica Kincaid’s one-sentence short story entitled â€Å"Girl†, the loss of innocence through experience is delivered to the daughter by her mother, who provides her with a litany of advice. Although the mother’s speech to her daughter seems motivated by love and she provides her child with information she believes the girl will need in order to survive as a women in the Western Caribbean world, it is nonetheless a loss of innocence gained via the mother’s diatribe. Although the mother gives the girl what she believes to be helpful information on all from chores to life and love, she displays a strong lack of confidence in the child.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More The parent starts with telling her offspring, she should â€Å"Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry; don’t walk barehead in the hot sun.† (Kincaid ) Mother then proceeds to slight the girl’s very character by telling her, â€Å"on Sundays try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are bent on becoming.† (Kincaid ) The young lady appears to respond minimally, both in her defense and to acquire additional information. The daughter claims, â€Å"but I don’t sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school.† Therefore, at the end of the mother’s lengthy statement, the youngster is presumed to have left behind her childhood, and prepared to enter the adult world. Finally, prominent twentieth century American poet Robert Frost touches on innocence, experience, and choice in his verse, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. He claimed that the poem was originally written when he and a close friend came upon two similar paths in the woods, and were in a quandary as to which way to go. The poem appears to promote the wish that they could explore both paths and would possibly do so, if they could, but that reality would probably not permit that series of events. Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. (Frost 149) Lastly, the final point made by Frost is that his choice dictates his loss of innocence and subsequent reality. He speaks of a later time in which he will recall:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I — I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. (Frost 149) Of course, it isnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t clear what kind of difference occurred, and whether or not, it was either positive or negative, but just experienced. Therefore, the choice precluded another experience, a type of loss. Works Cited Abcarian, Richard, Samuel Cohen and Marvin Klotz, eds. Literature: The Human Experience. Bedford Saint Martin’s 10th edition This essay on Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost was written and submitted by user SallyFloyd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Provisions of Convention on the Rights of the Essays

The Provisions of Convention on the Rights of the Essays The Provisions of Convention on the Rights of the Child. The International programme on Elimination of Child Labour was ILO's response to provide direct assistance to countries to tackle child labour and give teeth to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child made effective in 1989. Today it has 30 funders and 86 programme countries ILO in its Report. "The end of child labour; within reach" released in 2006 says, in 2004 there were 218 million children trapped in child labour of whom 126 million were in hazardous work. However the number of child labourers globally fell by 11% over the last four years, while that of children in hazardous work decreased by 26%. (www.ilo.org/declaration) IPEC the campaign instrument against child labour conducted by ILO commenced in 1992 and has made several break throughs in advocacy; tackling the worst forms of child labour; developing a learning culture and mainstreaming child labour within the decent work agenda. ILO is also aware of future challenges. Child labour elimination may be mainstreamed into key development and Human Rights frame works like Millennium Development Goals and poverty reduction strategies. Child labor first emerged as a major public policy issue with the impact of the industrial revolution. The first wave of industries at countries offered several packages of intervention to overcome presence of child labour like advocacy campaigns; public inquiries; minimum age legislation; education provision for working children. These have been expanded, replicated by many developing countries ILO has expanded its efforts through IPEC programme in some 90 countries. It has been observed that child labour declines with increase in GDP growth; improved school attendance; reduction of absolute poverty; The elimination of child labour is linked with provision of compulsory, free and accessible education. Without educational opportunities it is likely that children will enter the labour market and take on dangerous and exploitative jobs. Though the Dakar forum of 185 countries resolved to provide all children of primary age free schooling of quality by year 2015 and eliminate gender disparities by year 2005 much remains to be achieved. Although concept of education for all has not taken off the ground at an international scale, efforts are made with community groups, parents, employers, and government officials to remove children from work and enroll them in school. An example is efforts of an NGO(MV foundation) made in India in state of Andrah Pradesh. It enabled 150,000 to be enrolled and retained in schools and more than 4,000 boned labourers released and of 500 villages under project 168are free of child labour. These results were achieved through awareness raising and demand for education of children; support Teachers through special training; support parents to provide alternatives to labour of child withdrawn; provide clearing schools to prepare children for formal education. (source: Child Labour a Global concern, www.schoolsthebestplacetowork.org) UNICEF has been advocating education as a preventive strategy against child labour (www.unicef.org/evalvatebase/file) child labour evaluate rights 27 Feb 2004 National International comments PDF. Some ILO actions against child labour since 2002. SCREAM stop child labour (sup poring children's Rights) through education the arts and the medias is a community based education and social mobilization programme that commenced in 2002 it is directed to children and youth in some situations programme works with world Scout Movement, in Arab States it works with UNESCO (p 29,30) World Day Against Child Labour initiated in June 2002 is another tool. Annually it has focused on particular issues of relevance like child domestic labour, trafficking, elimination of child labour in mining and quarrying . ILO Red Card to child labour has expanded campaign to sports and removal of children from abusive sports good production. There have been efforts to improve knowledge base on child labour. This is linked to research data collection and field operations and surveys. (P46) Links have been observed between child labour and globalization. "Globalization can help reduce child labour in countries where there is a relatively largepool of workers with at least a basic education complemented with active social policies." A few studies have also shown that "child labour appears to diminish as foreign direct investment increases"(pg 19). Special country projects directed at eliminating child labour have been identified. The CSR Movement (corporate social responsibility) encourages voluntary codes of conduct in industries where child labour may prevail like garments, sports goods, footwear, toys. Employer organizations like the Federation of Uganda Employers, have been actively involved in preventing employment of child labour in agricultural sector. The Employers Organization in Yunan Province, China (p 70) has taken hand the arrest of trafficking women and children. Trade Unions have joined hands against child labour in Andhara Pradesh (p72) aimed

IMPACT OF INTEREST RATES ON THE HOUSEING MARKET Essay

IMPACT OF INTEREST RATES ON THE HOUSEING MARKET - Essay Example In terms of the 15 and 30 year mortgage rates since 2001, the rates have remained close to the interest rates set by the Feds. The connection between the two is certainly obvious therefore an understanding of the federal rate is important to obtain an understanding of the housing market. The federal rate is the rate of interest at which depository institutes loan out their holdings in the Federal Reserve to other depository institutes on an overnight basis (Arnold, 2005). This rate is different from the discount rate which the Federal Reserve uses to calculate loan payments for financial institutions. The federal rate has many important implications for the economy of the country and changes in this rate would affect everything from mortgage rates to the stock market. It also has a significant impact on economic growth depending on several factors in the monetary policy being followed by the country. Fundamentally, the Federal Reserve System operates to ensure that all American banks keep a certain level of reserves which are normally a percentage of the value of the bank’s demand accounts (Arnold, 2005). Since this is a regulatory requirement, banks may borrow money from each other to maintain such a level of reserves and the interest rate paid between banks would be the Federal Rate. Through these means, the Federal Reserve has considerable power over the supply and demand for balances of Reserve Banks. The monetary experts at the Federal Reserve are supposed to ensure that the rate is set at such a level that it will create economic growth and stability in the economy. However, the economic demands have to be balanced with the political and social realties which may influence how and at what exact level the rate is set (Wikipedia, 2006). The Federal Reserve therefore adjusts the rate periodically to keep the economy running smoothly. However, even a

Recommendations to the Cyber Czar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Recommendations to the Cyber Czar - Assignment Example Countries work with special strategies to facilitate cyberspace security. This is aimed at protecting a national territory from cyber space malicious attacks. Implementing the security system is a joint comparison of Homeland Security and the National Strategy. The policies are set to engage the global population to engage in implementing security levels in the cyberspace. This comes as an initiative of every country to implement security details in the cyberspace they own, operate and control. Securing the cyberspace involves difficult strategic challenges which require focus and coordination from the entire society. This comes as a combined force from the local and state governments and the private sector (Arias, 2010). Objectives set to meet the recommendations The strategy to secure the cyberspace comes with a combination of prioritizing and organizing efforts. This offers departmental heads in government with directions in curbing malicious attacks on the cyberspace. The strateg y aims at identifying the local and state governments, private organization and individuals who can take place in improving cyber security. The highlight of the strategy is in the merging of private and public engagement. Improving cyber security comes with everyone working as one to secure the cyberspace. ... Consistence within the National Strategy by the Homeland Security works with set objectives to ensure that the set strategy in securing cybercrime works with the set recommendations (Briggs & Burke, 2009). The main objectives are to: 1. Provide the citizens with security from cyber-attacks on critical infrastructures 2. Reduce the possibility of individuals to get cyber attacks 3. Implement a damage control and recovery plan from the cyber attacks The threat and vulnerability portrayed by the cyberspace The economy and the security system depend on information technology. Major applications that run at the core depend on the internet. The internet was originally built to facilitate research among scientists. Abusing the internet network was not part of the plan. Today the internet connects people through computer networks exposing ISP’s, Software Manufacturers, End Users and Operating System producers to malicious attacks. Computer networks connect different objects such as st ock markets, electrical transformers and trains. A malicious attack that compromises the functioning of such objects puts the end user at a disadvantage. Cyber Czar can spread a spectrum of malicious attacks against critical information. The main concern is organized attacks that cause disruption of the National critical infrastructure, national security and the economy. Attackers require sophistication to carry out such attacks but this does not mean that countries can relax on setting security measures. Nations face situations where hackers have identified loopholes where they can maximize on in doing their fraudulent activities (Purdy, 2011). Proper analysis of the cyber threats needs a long term analysis of the